| Acknowledgement citation |
That which credits the contribution made
by the work cited |
| Conflict of interest |
A situation or relationship in which professional,
personal or financial considerations could be seen by
a fair-minded person as potentially in conflict with independence
of judgement |
| Contributorship |
Concept developed (1997) by Richard Smith
(former editor of the BMJ) to replace authorship credits
by listing the contribution made by each person to the
project |
| Convenience citation |
Selecting citations which are easy to find |
| Copyright |
The legal right granted to an author, publisher,
or distributor to exclusive publication, production, sale,
or distribution of a scientific work |
| Corporate authorship |
Where the name of the project is given,
along with a separate acknowledgement describing the contributors
and the corresponding author (as an alternative to long
author lists in multi-authored reports) |
| Critical citation |
When the citing piece points to what is
considered a flaw in some research publication |
| Discovery paper |
One which first puts forward a new concept
|
| Divided publication |
When information from a single research
study is divided for publication in two or more papers |
| Documentation citation |
One which maps how e.g., a political debate,
a historical process or specific concept has developed
and been defined |
| Duplicate publication |
Re-publication of the same information
in two different places |
| Fabrication |
Presenting data in a research report that
have not been obtained in the manner, or by the methods,
described in the report |
| Fractionally divided publication |
Reporting in a single paper only a fraction
of the data that have been or will be reported in their
entirety in another paper |
| Ghost authorship |
The failure to include as co-author of
a work a person who satisfies the criteria for authorship
(e.g., a science writer employed by a drug company) |
| Gift authorship |
Awarding authorship credit because of a
person's power or prestige rather than for substantial
contribution to the work |
| Grey literature |
Unpublished matter such as conference presentations,
submitted articles, in-house papers or reports |
| Guarantor (in authorship credits) |
The person who takes responsibility for
the contents and integrity of the work as a whole |
| Honorary authorship |
See 'gift authorship' |
| ISI database |
Web of Science Institute of Scientific
Information bibliographic database |
| Journal Impact Factor (ISI) |
The average number of citations in ISI-indexed
journals in a given year to articles published in a journal
during the preceding two years |
| LPU |
Least publishable unit (see 'divided publication') |
| Misappropriation |
Illicitly presenting or using in one's
own name an original research idea, plan or finding disclosed
in confidence |
| Partial repetitive publication |
Repeatedly publishing parts of the same
information in modified form |
| PI |
Principal investigator |
| Plagiarism |
To present someone else's work as one's
own |
| Referential citation |
When a piece of work is cited for what
it contributes to the field |
| Repetitive publication |
Repeatedly publishing the same information
two or more times (e.g., in journal articles and book
chapters)
|
| Reputation citation |
Citing a piece of work with a view to enhancing
one's own reputation or that of a colleague |
| RPU |
Repeating publishable unit (see 'repetitive
publication') |
| Self-citation |
Citing one's own work |
| Self-plagiarism |
To copy and present one's own text or article
without properly attributing its original source |
| Verification citation |
That which allows the reader to check the
source for accuracy |
| Viewpoint citation |
When a piece of work is cited because it
supports a given hypothesis or idea |
