Welcome to the PARINT self-guided tutorial,
"Publishing Addiction Science."
This tutorial was developed by the International Society
of Addiction Journal Editors (ISAJE), with sponsorship from
the US National Institute on Drug Abuse and the World Health
Organization. It reviews publication practices that can help
people to publish scientific articles and other scholarly
information. The tutorial also deals with publication ethics.
This tutorial is designed for people interested
in publishing any scholarly writing on the subject of alcohol,
illicit drugs, tobacco and other abused substances. It is
especially designed for pre-doctoral students, post-doctoral
research fellows, clinical interns, senior research assistants,
junior faculty investigators, and to a lesser extent, established
investigators in the addiction field.
In addition to the tutorial, this webpage has a variety of
options to serve the needs of different users. If you are
interested in how and where to publish addiction science,
you can go directly to the menu option called "Getting
Started: How to Use this Tutorial." It describes
the five tutorial modules as well as the background readings
that will allow you to explore the lecture material in greater
depth. Before you begin, however, you should consult the menu
option called "Technical Requirements"
to make sure that your computer can handle the software.
Once you have found out how to use the tutorial you can go
directly to the Tutorial Modules, which
cover the following topics:
1) How to Choose a Journal. This module describes seven
steps to find the most appropriate publication outlet using
information included in Chapter 2 of the book, Publishing
Addiction Science.
2) The Use and Abuse of Citations. This module describes
how to write an effective literature review for the introduction
to a scientific paper by citing the literature fairly, critically
and ethically.
3) Authorship Issues. This module reviews common (and not-so-common)
authorship problems and how to avoid them. It deals with
such issues as unearned authorship credits (gift author),
how to list multiple authors, and how to decide who should
be listed as an author.
4) Preparing Manuscripts and Responding to Referees' Reports.
This module consists of practical guidance about what journal
editors are looking for in a journal article (e.g., originality,
sound methodology, good writing) and what to do when the
editor asks for a revision.
5) Publication Ethics. This module describes the "seven
deadly sins" of scientific publishing (e.g., plagiarism,
duplicate publication, scientific fraud, etc.) and how to
avoid them.
If you are interested in learning more about the sponsors
of the tutorial and the teaching faculty
responsible for developing it, please go to the respective
menu options.
If you are a course director or other teaching faculty please
follow the "Note to Course Directors and
other Faculty Interested in Using This Tutorial"
link. This section describes how the tutorial can be used
as part of a course, workshop or seminar.
The tutorial is based on the book, Publishing Addiction Science:
A Guide for the Perplexed. If you would like to obtain a copy
of the book, go to the menu item labeled "The
Book."
Thank you for visiting this website. We hope it is useful
and enjoyable.
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Technical Requirements
The following software is required to view this streaming
web video program:
- Windows 98 or later, or Windows NT 4.0 or later , or Mac
OS X v10.2
- Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 (or later) or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 (or later), or Internet Explorer 5.2.2 (or
later) for Mac
- Windows Media Player 7.0 or later (at least version 9
is recommended to optimize presentation playback) or Windows
Media Player for Mac OS X
Click icon below for free download
Playback does require one to allow Active X to be run on the
computer. Depending on browser security settings, it may ask
when loading (right click to allow). This streaming video
will not work with a dial up connection. Note, in addition
to running through the presentation in order, one can jump
ahead or back. However, depending on the user's connection
speed and file size, it may take 3 to 5 minutes to download
slides in cache in the background to allow jumping around.
Please report any problems with the tutorial to:
paturzo@nso.uchc.edu
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Sponsors and Acknowledgements
The developers of this tutorial would like to thank the U.S.
National Institute on Drug Abuse for their support of the
PARINT website (www.parint.org) and for their contribution
to the logistical and technical work that was necessary to
bring this project to fruition. We are grateful to the International
Society of Addiction Journal Editors and the World Health
Organization, Programme on Mental Health and Substance Dependence,
for the encouragement and support they provided.
Numerous people participated in the development of this tutorial.
Technical support was provided by the University of Connecticut,
Farmington, Connecticut, USA. The National Research and Development
Center for Welfare and Health, STAKES; Helsinki, Finland,
provided space and technical support for the video-filming.
The following individuals provided valuable expertise at different
stages of the project: Deborah Paturzo, Deborah Talamini,
William Hengstenberg, Frank Barton and Thomas Babor from the
University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA;
Ian Stolerman from the Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK;
Kerstin Stenius and Jyrki Penttilä, Welfate and Health
(STAKES), Helsinki, Finland; Robert West, University of London,
UK; Richard Pates, Community Addictions Unit, Cardiff, Wales
and Susan Savva, The International Society of Addiction Journal
Editors, London, UK. Finally, we thank Kim Wolf for her suggestion
to use the video streaming technology.
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Tutorial Faculty
The following faculty are featured in the tutorial modules:
Thomas F. Babor, Ph.D., M.P.H. is Professor and
Chairman in the Department of Community Medicine and Health
Care, University of Connecticut School of Medicine. He is
the Regional Editor for the Americas of the international
journal, Addiction and a contributor to the book, Publishing
Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed.
Richard Pates is Clinical Director of the Community
Addiction Unit in Cardiff and is a Consultant Clinical Psychologist.
He has been working with drug users for the past 16 years.
He has research interests in injecting, especially needle
fixation and the treatment of amphetamine users. He is also
the Editor of Journal of Substance Abuse.
Ian Stolerman B.Pharm. Ph.D. is Professor of Behavioural
Pharmacology at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College
London. He was Co-Editor of the journal Drug and Alcohol
Dependence, serves on the editorial boards of many other
publications and is a former President of the International
Society of Addiction Journal Editors.
Kerstin Stenius, PH D, is a researcher at the Centre
for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University,
Sweden and editor-in-chief of NAT - Nordic Studies of Alcohol
and Drugs. She is also a contributor to the book, Publishing
Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed.
Robert West is Director of Tobacco Studies at the
Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Unit, Department of
Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London.
His research involves clinical trials of behavioural and
pharmacological aids to cessation, population surveys and
cohort studies of smokers looking at patterns of smoking
and smoking cessation. He is Editor-in-Chief of the journal,
Addiction. More information can be found at www.rjwest.co.uk
.
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Getting Started: How to Use this Tutorial
These modules were videotaped at a live workshop conducted
in September, 2006 by five addiction journal editors in Helsinki,
Finland. Once you click on a module link below you will be
asked to register in our anonymous data base to make it possible
to evaluate our performance and improve our service. At the
end of each module, we will ask you to provide a short evaluation
of the learning experience. If followed sequentially, these
modules guide you through the main chapters of the book, Publishing
Addiction Science. Alternatively, the five modules can be
taken individually.
After you complete each module, we suggest that you read
the relevant chapters in Publishing Addiction Science, which
provide additional information. Some chapters have case studies
and learning exercises that should be of interest, as well
as additional references.
Below is a summary of each module, the module's
viewing time, and the faculty member who teaches it. You can
click on each link to go directly to the module.
Module
1.
How to Choose a Journal. (Richard Pates,
22 min.) This module describes seven steps to help you find
the most appropriate publication outlet for a scientific
article, using information included in Chapter 2 of Publishing
Addiction Science.
Module
2.
The Use and Abuse of Citations. (Robert West,
27 minutes). This module describes how to write an effective
literature review for the introduction to a scientific paper
by citing the literature fairly, critically and ethically.
It summarizes the content found in Chapter 4 of Publishing
Addiction Science.
Module
3.
Authorship Issues. (Kerstin Stenius, 25 minutes)
This module describes one of the most contentious issues
in scientific publishing, how to assign authorship credits.
It also discusses practical methods to avoid authorship
problems. It covers the material found in Chapter 5 of Publishing
Addiction Science.
Module
4.
Preparing Manuscripts and Responding to Referees' Reports.
(Ian Stolerman, 35 minutes) This module describes what journal
editors are looking for in a journal article (e.g., originality,
sound methodology, good writing) and what to do when the
editor asks for a revision. It covers Chapter 6 of Publishing
Addiction Science.
Module
5.
Publication Ethics. (Thomas Babor, 45 minutes)
This module describes the "seven deadly sins"
of scientific publishing (e.g., plagiarism, duplicate publication,
scientific fraud, etc.) and how to avoid them. It covers
the material found in Chapters 7 and 8 of Publishing Addiction
Science.
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Course Directors and other Faculty: A
Note for Those Interested in Using This Tutorial in Courses,
Seminars and Workshops
Despite the importance of the journal publication process
to the career development of addiction scientists and clinicians,
there has been virtually no formal training program developed
to either assist new scientists to publish their research
or to deal with the ethical problems that arise in the publication
process. The information and experiential activities connected
with this tutorial were developed to improve scientific integrity
and research ethics, and to enhance publication capabilities
for addiction professionals. A major assumption of this tutorial,
and the book it is based on, is that publication ethics affect
the moral choices made by authors of articles submitted to
peer reviewed scientific journals, which in turn has clear
relevance to research integrity in the biomedical and psychosocial
disciplines that constitute the broad field of addiction research.
The tutorial is based on Publishing Addiction Science: A
Guide for the Perplexed (Babor et al., 2004). This book can
be downloaded for free from www.isaje.net
or can be purchased from the US National Clearinghouse on
Alcohol and Drug Information (see menu option on how to order
or download a copy).
There are two main parts to the tutorial. The first is practical
information on where to publish a research article or other
scholarly material on topics related to addiction (Module
1). Related modules deal with good citation practices (Module
2), the determination of authorship credits (Module 3), and
how to negotiate the editorial review process (Module 4).
The second part of the tutorial deals with ethical issues,
and is presented in the final component (Module 5). This module
is designed to:
- improve awareness of ethical issues in research and publication,
- influence commitment to follow ethical guidelines and
report ethical misconduct,
- teach ethical decision-making skills, and
- facilitate the implementation of ethical policies among
young addiction researchers, especially those working in
research centers and in academic departments.
Course directors and others interested in using this tutorial
in whole or in part should first read the relevant chapters
of Publishing Addiction Science. Some of the chapters have
training exercises that can be used as part of a workshop
or seminar after viewing the module. The chapters can be assigned
as background readings and should provide ample ideas for
discussion topics. Below are detailed suggestions for teaching
each module.
Module 1: How to Choose a Journal. (22 min) This
module describes the growth in publishing opportunities,
types of journals, major steps in choosing a journal, and
the reasons for choosing carefully. Small group discussions
are recommended following the lecture to answer questions
and deal with technical issues. An interactive exercise
can be conducted using several published or unpublished
abstracts that cover areas relevant to the seminar participants
(e.g., a clinical trial, an epidemiological study, an animal
study, a policy study). Participants are asked to assemble
in small groups to review the "eight major steps in
choosing a journal" covered in the didactic lecture,
and then reach consensus on three journals that would likely
be receptive to reviewing the article.
Module 2: Citation Practices. (27 min) The purpose
of this module is to develop skills useful for ethical citation
practices. This lecture reviews the information presented
in Chapter 4 of Publishing Addiction Science, covering the
scientific purpose of citations and referencing, deviations
from ideal citation practices, and procedures to be followed
when compiling an informal review to introduce a research
report. Participants are then asked to review textual material
that illustrates unethical or inappropriate citation procedures
such as selective citation and citing inaccessible sources.
A copy of the exercise can be obtained by going to the ISAJE
site for detailed guidance.
Module 3: Authorship Credits. (25 minutes) The purpose
of this exercise is to review current theory and practice
regarding the roles and responsibilities of authorship,
and to develop practical skills that will minimize unfair
and unethical authorship practices. The didactic lecture
reviews current journal policies regarding authorship credits,
describes the nature and consequences of authorship misconduct,
discusses formal guidelines for assigning authorship credits,
reviews a model set of practical steps to assign authorship
credits, and discusses how to implement model procedures
at the institutional level. Small group discussion following
the didactic lecture is recommended to focus attention on
the difficulties often encountered in multi-authored papers.
A section of the chapter devoted to the special case of
graduate students and postdoctoral fellows may be of particular
interest as a discussion topic. Finally, discussion could
focus on how participants would implement authorship policies
at their institutions, leading to a plan for influencing
procedures at the individual's laboratory, department or
research center.
Module 4: Preparing Manuscripts and Responding to Referees'
Reports. (35 minutes) This module describes what journal
editors are looking for in a journal article (e.g., originality,
sound methodology, good writing) and what to do when the
editor asks for a revision. It covers Chapter 6 of Publishing
Addiction Science. Following the didactic lecture the course
director may want to elaborate on issues of interest to
students such as how to write a publishable paper and how
to deal with referee comments.
Module 5: Moral Reasoning in Addiction Publishing.
(45 min). This lecture reviews the "Seven Deadly Sins
in Scientific Publishing and How to Avoid Them," as
described in Chapter 7 of Publishing Addiction Science.
The lecture describes a problem-solving approach to moral
reasoning that can be used to evaluate moral dilemmas, based
on work by White and Popovits (2001). The set of case studies
provided in Chapter 8 can then discussed in small group
sessions, each dealing with one of the "seven deadly
sins." After discussing each case, participants are
asked to apply the moral reasoning approach using a checklist
for analysis of critical incidents that is explained in
Chapter 8 of Publishing Addiction Science.
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About ISAJE
The International
Society of Addiction Journal Editors (ISAJE) is an organization
of journal editors that was founded 'to promote excellence
in the communication and dissemination of information on addiction
and related sciences within the scientific community and to
those who have responsibility for the prevention, treatment,
cure, professional training and policy formation in the field.'
ISAJE is not only the first society for addiction journal
editors, it is also the first international organization specifically
devoted to the improvement of scientific publishing in the
addiction field. Formally constituted in 2001 as a non-profit
organization, the establishment of ISAJE reflects a trend
across the broader fields of biomedical and scientific publishing
to coordinate efforts and develop a sense of professionalism
in what had heretofore been a disparate collection of individual
editors and independent journals. Currently the society has
members drawn from 34 addiction specialty journals. To learn
more about ISAJE, go to www.isaje.net.
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The Book, Publishing Addiction Science
Publishing Addiction Science was written to fill a gap in
the professional education of addiction scientists. Its purpose
is to advise potential authors of articles in the addiction
field of the opportunities for publishing their work in scholarly
journals, especially addiction specialty journals. Although
all prospective authors should find such a guide useful, it
was specifically designed for students, younger investigators,
clinicians and professional researchers. A broader purpose
of the book was to improve the quality of scientific publishing
in the addiction field by educating authors about the kinds
of ethical and professional issues that ISAJE has been concerning
itself with: scientific misconduct; ethical decision-making;
authorship credits and ethical citation procedures.
The book can be downloaded for free at by going to www.isaje.net
and clicking on 'Papers and Publications'. A hard copy of
the book can be ordered for $29.75 from the US National Clearinghouse
on Alcohol and Drug Information by going directly to http://ncadistore.samhsa.gov/catalog/productDetails.aspx?ProductID=16929
or to their site http://ncadi.samhsa.gov
or using the following telephone number 1 800 729 6686. Quote
publication number BKD510.
Publishing Addiction Science is organized into three sections.
The first section deals with general issues of how and where
to publish. In this section, Chapters 2 and 3 deal with how
to choose a journal, a very important topic that tends to
capture the attention of new investigators and graduate students,
thereby providing an ideal way to involve scientists in related
issues that deal with research integrity.
The second section provides a detailed guide to the practical
side of addiction publishing and publication ethics. The initial
article describes appropriate and inappropriate citation practices
with recommendations for good behavior. The next chapter deals
with the often vexing question of how to assign authorship
credits in multi-authored articles. Practical recommendations
are suggested to provide collaborating authors with a process
that is open, fair and ethical.
The third section is devoted to the more traditional ethical
issues that are typically discussed in the context of scientific
misconduct and research integrity. The first article in this
section reviews seven types of scientific misconduct in the
context of a broader definition of scientific integrity. The
seven 'sins' are carelessness in citing and reviewing the
literature; redundant publication; failure to declare a conflict
of interest; unfair authorship; failure to conform to minimal
standards of protection for animal or human subjects; plagiarism
and scientific fraud. Each of these ethical improprieties
is discussed in terms of its relative importance, possible
consequences, and procedures for avoiding them. The following
chapter discusses the same issues in the context of a framework
for ethical decision-making. Case studies are used to illustrate
the seven ethical topics, with a commentary on each case provided
to demonstrate a practical approach to making sound decisions.
The authors of these chapters have striven to present practical
advice as well as 'best practices'. In most cases, such as
resolving authorship disputes or ethical problems, the solutions
are not always simple or obvious, but rather are often dependent
on the situation and on an open dialogue among colleagues
in the research milieu. For these cases, we offer advice on
how to use effective problem solving techniques so that skills
can be acquired and applied to a variety of situations.
The chapters were designed to be read as part of a stand-alone
"self-help book" and were also meant for use as
background readings for this on-line tutorial and for special
workshops given by ISAJE editors at professional meetings,
research centers and university research departments.
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