Welcome to the PARINT self-guided tutorial,
"Publishing Addiction Science."
Welcome to the PARINT
self-guided tutorial, called "Publishing Addiction Science:
A Guide for the Perplexed."
This tutorial was developed by the International
Society of Addiction Journal Editors (ISAJE), with sponsorship
from the US National Institute on Drug Abuse and the World
Health Organization. It reviews publication practices
that can help people to publish scientific articles and other
scholarly information. The tutorial also deals with
publication ethics.
This tutorial is designed for people interested in publishing
any scholarly writing on the subject of alcohol, illicit drugs,
tobacco and other abused substances. It is especially
designed for pre-doctoral students, post-doctoral research
fellows, clinical interns, senior research assistants, junior
faculty investigators, and to a lesser extent, established
investigators in the addiction field.
If you are interested in how and where to publish addiction
science, you can go directly to the menu option called "How
to Use this Tutorial." It describes the ten
tutorial modules as well as the background readings that will
allow you to explore the lecture material in greater depth.
Before you begin, however, you should consult the menu option
called "Technical Requirements"
to make sure that your computer can handle the software.
Once you have found out how to use the tutorial you can go
directly to the Tutorial Modules, which
cover the following topics:
- How to Choose a Journal.
- Publication Issues Related to Being a Graduate
Student & Postdoctoral Fellow.
- How to Write a Research Paper.
- How to Write Publishable Qualitative Research.
- The Use and Abuse of Citations.
- Authorship Issues.
- Preparing Manuscripts and Responding to Referees' Reports.
- Serving as a Referee and Write Reviews for
Peer Review Journals.
- Publication Ethics.
- Science & Industry: Ethics of Academic
Relationships with Alcohol Beverage Industry, Pharmaceutical
Companies & Funding Agencies.
If you are interested in learning more about the sponsors
of the tutorial and the teaching faculty
responsible for developing it, please go to the respective
menu options.
If you are a course director or other teaching faculty, you
can go to the menu option called: "A Note to Course
Directors and other Faculty Interested in Using This Tutorial."
This section describes how the tutorial can be used as part
of a course, workshop or seminar.
The tutorial is based on the book, Publishing
Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, 2nd edition.
If you would like to obtain a copy of the book, go to the
menu item labeled "The Book."
Thank you for visiting this website. We hope it is useful
and enjoyable.
Technical
Requirements
The following software is required to view this streaming
web video program:
- Windows 98 or later, or Windows NT 4.0 or later
, or Mac OS X v10.2
- Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 (or later) or Netscape
Navigator 7.0 (or later), or Internet Explorer 5.2.2
(or later) for Mac
- Windows Media Player 7.0 or later (at least version 9
is recommended to optimize presentation playback) or Windows
Media Player for Mac OS X
Click icon below for free download
 Playback
does require one to allow Active X to be run on the computer.
Depending on browser security settings, it may ask when loading
(right click to allow).
This streaming video will not work with a dial up
connection.
Note, in addition to running through the presentation
in order, one can jump ahead or back. However, depending
on the user’s connection speed and file size, it may
take 3 to 5 minutes to download slides in cache in the background
to allow jumping around.
Please report any problems with the tutorial to: paturzo@nso.uchc.edu
and Acknowledgements
The developers of this tutorial would like to thank the U.S.
National Institute on Drug Abuse for their support of the
PARINT website (www.parint.org)
and for their contribution to the logistical and technical
work that was necessary to bring this project to fruition.
Additional support for the development of the on-line tutorial
was provided by the U.S. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse
and Alcoholism. We are grateful to the International
Society of Addiction Journal Editors and the World Health
Organization, Programme on Mental Health and Substance Dependence,
for the encouragement and support they provided.
Numerous people participated in the development of this tutorial.
Technical support was provided by the University of Connecticut,
Farmington, Connecticut, USA. The National Research and Development
Center for Welfare and Health, STAKES; Helsinki, Finland,
provided space and technical support for the video-filming.
The following individuals provided valuable expertise at different
stages of the project: Deborah Paturzo, Deborah Talamini,
William Hengstenberg, Frank Barton and Thomas Babor from the
University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA;
Ian Stolerman from the Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK;
Kerstin Stenius and Jyrki Penttilä, STAKES, Helsinki,
Finland; Robert West, University of London, UK; Richard Pates,
Community Addictions Unit, Cardiff, Wales and Susan Savva,
The International Society of Addiction Journal Editors, London,
UK. Finally, we thank Kim Wolf for her suggestion to
use the video streaming technology.
Tutorial Faculty
The following faculty are featured in the tutorial modules:
Thomas F. Babor, Ph.D., M.P.H.
is Professor and Chairman in the Department of Community Medicine
and Health Care, University of Connecticut School of Medicine.
He is the Regional Editor for the Americas of the international
journal, Addiction and a contributor to the book,
Publishing Addiction Science: A Guide for the
Perplexed.
Robert L. Balster is Director of the Institute
for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Luther A. Butler Professor of
Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Research Professor of
Psychology and Psychiatry at Virginia Commonwealth University,
USA. He is Editorin- Chief of the journal Drug and Alcohol
Dependence.
Phil Lange has retired. He was Editor of
the Journal of Gambling Issues.
Peter Miller is NHMRC Howard Florey Fellow
at the School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
He is Commissioning Editor of the journal Addiction.
Dominique Morisano, Ph.D. is
a Postdoctoral Fellow in Addiction and Mental Health Research
at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and the
University
of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Canada.
Richard Pates is Clinical Director of the
Community Addiction Unit in Cardiff and is a Consultant
Clinical Psychologist. He has been working with drug
users for the past 16 years. He has research interests
in injecting, especially needle fixation and the treatment
of amphetamine users. He is also the Editor of Journal
of Substance Abuse.
Kerstin Stenius, PH D, is a researcher at
the Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm
University, Sweden and editor-in-chief of NAT - Nordic
Studies of Alcohol and Drugs. She is also a contributor
to the book, Publishing Addiction Science: A Guide
for the Perplexed.
Ian Stolerman B.Pharm. Ph.D. is Professor
of Behavioural Pharmacology at the Institute of Psychiatry,
King’s College London. He was Co-Editor of the journal
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, serves on the editorial
boards of many other publications and is a former President
of the International Society of Addiction Journal Editors.
Robert West is Director of Tobacco Studies
at the Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Unit, Department
of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London.
He started researching tobacco and nicotine use in 1982. His
research involves clinical trials of behavioural and pharmacological
aids to cessation, population surveys and cohort studies of
smokers looking at patterns of smoking and smoking cessation.
He is Editor-in-Chief of the journal, Addiction.
More information can be found at www.rjwest.co.uk
.
Getting Started:
How to Use this Tutorial
Five of the modules were videotaped at a live workshop conducted
in September, 2006 by five addiction journal editors in Helsinki,
Finland. The other five were also videotaped live at
a workshop conducted in September, 2008 in Boston, Massachusetts.
Once you click on a module link below you will be asked to
register in our anonymous data base to make it possible to
evaluate our performance and improve our service. For
example, at the end of each module, we will ask you to provide
a short evaluation of the learning experience. If
followed sequentially, these modules guide you through the
main chapters of the book, Publishing Addiction
Science. Alternatively, the ten modules
can be taken individually.
After you complete each module, we suggest that you read
the relevant chapters in Publishing Addiction
Science, which provide additional information.
Some chapters have case studies and learning exercises that
should be of interest, as well as additional references.
Below is a summary of
each module, the module's viewing time, and the faculty member
who teaches it. You can click on each link to go directly
to the module.
Module
1. How to Choose a Journal.
(Richard Pates, 22 minutes) This module describes seven
steps to help you find the most appropriate publication outlet
for a scientific article, using information included in Chapter
2 of Publishing Addiction Science.
Module
2. Publication Issues Related to Being a Graduate Student
and Postdoctoral Fellow. (Dominique Morisano,
43 minutes)This module describes
the challenges and rewards of publishing early in one's professional
career. Discussion includes authorship issues, timetables,
ethical dilemmas, and pressures to publish.This content
is found in Chapter 4 of Publishing Addiction
Science.
Module
3. How to Write a Research Paper. (Phil
Lange, 44 minutes)This module describes
the development of a typical data based research article from
the planning stage to the completion of the final draft. Emphasis
is given to scientific writing techniques, the structure of
a scientific article and effective methods of scientific communication.
It covers material in Chapter 5 of Publishing
Addiction Science.
Module
4. How to Write Publishable Qualitative Research.
(Kerstin Stenius, 36 minutes) This module discusses
issues related to publishing qualitative data in peer reviewed
journals. The content is found in Chapter 6 of Publishing
Addiction Science.
Module
5. The Use and Abuse of Citations.
(Robert West, 27 minutes). This module describes how
to write an effective literature review for the introduction
to a scientific paper by citing the literature fairly, critically
and ethically. It summarizes the content found in Chapter
7 of Publishing Addiction Science.
Module
6. Authorship Issues. (Kerstin Stenius,
25 minutes) This module describes one of the most contentious
issues in scientific publishing, how to assign authorship
credits. It also discusses practical methods to avoid
authorship problems. It covers the material found in
Chapter 8 of Publishing Addiction Science.
Module
7. Preparing Manuscripts and Responding to Referees'
Reports. (Ian Stolerman, 35 minutes)
This module describes what journal editors are looking for
in a journal article (e.g., originality, sound methodology,
good writing) and what to do when the editor asks for a revision.
It includes part of an open forum discussion. It covers
Chapter 9 of Publishing Addiction Science.
Module
8. How to Serve as a Referee and Write Reviews for Peer Reviewed
Journals. (Bob Balster, 49 minutes) In
the context of the Peer Review process, this module
explains what journal editors expect from reviewers, and how
to prepare a critical but constructive manuscript evaluation.
It covers material in Chapter 10 of Publishing
Addiction Science.
Module
9. Publication Ethics. (Thomas
Babor, 45 minutes) This module describes the “seven
deadly sins” of scientific publishing (e.g., plagiarism,
duplicate publication, scientific fraud, etc.) and how to
avoid them. It covers the material found in Chapters
11 and 12 of Publishing Addiction Science.
Module
10. Science & Industry: Ethics of Academic Relationships
with Alcohol Beverage Industry, Pharmaceutical Companies &
Funding Agencies. (Peter Miller, 45 minutes)
This module describes recent trends in industry sponsorship
of scientific research and the ethical risks involved in accepting
funding from industry sources. The risks include conflict
of interest, biasing the research agenda, biasing the corpus
of research findings, and confusing public perceptions of
research. It covers material found in Chapter 13 of
Publishing Addiction Science.
Course Directors
and other Faculty: A Note for Those Interested in Using This
Tutorial in Courses, Seminars and Workshops
Despite the importance of the journal publication process
to the career development of addiction scientists and clinicians,
there has been virtually no formal training program developed
to either assist new scientists to publish their research
or to deal with the ethical problems that arise in the publication
process. The information and experiential activities
connected with this tutorial were developed to improve scientific
integrity and research ethics, and to enhance publication
capabilities for addiction professionals. A major assumption
of this tutorial, and the book it is based on, is that publication
ethics affects the moral choices made by authors of articles
submitted to peer reviewed scientific journals, which in turn
has clear relevance to research integrity in the biomedical
and psychosocial disciplines that constitute the broad field
of addiction research.
The tutorial is based on Publishing Addiction
Science: A Guide for the Perplexed (Babor et
al., 2008). This book can be downloaded for free from
www.isaje.net or can be
purchased from Multi-Science Publishing Company LTD (see menu
option on how to order or download a copy).
There are two main parts to the tutorial. The first
is practical information on where to publish a research article
or other scholarly material on topics related to addiction
(Module 1). Related modules deal with special issues
for doctoral students and postdocs (Module 2), how to write
a research paper (Modules 3 and 4), good citation practices
(Module 5), the determination of authorship credits (Module
6), how to negotiate the editorial review process (Module
7) and how to serve as a manuscript reviewer (Module 8). The
second part of the tutorial deals with ethical issues.
Module 9 deals with how to improve awareness of ethical issues
in research and publication. Module 10 deals with conflict
of interest and other issues related to funding sources.
Ethical issues are also covered in Modules 2, 5, and 6.
Course directors and others interested in using this tutorial
in whole or in part should first read the relevant chapters
of Publishing Addiction Science.
Some of the chapters have training exercises that can be used
as part of a workshop or seminar after viewing the module.
The chapters can be assigned as background readings and should
provide ample ideas for discussion topics. Below
are detailed suggestions for teaching some modules.
Module 1: How to Choose a Journal.
(22 min) This module describes the growth in publishing
opportunities, types of journals, major steps in choosing
a journal, and the reasons for choosing carefully. Small
group discussions are recommended following the lecture to
answer questions and deal with technical issues. An
interactive exercise can be conducted using several published
or unpublished abstracts that cover areas relevant to the
seminar participants (e.g., a clinical trial, an epidemiological
study, an animal study, a policy study). Participants
are asked to assemble in small groups to review the "eight
major steps in choosing a journal" covered in the didactic
lecture, and then reach consensus on three journals that would
likely be receptive to reviewing the article.
Module 5: Citation Practices. (27 min) The
purpose of this module is to develop skills useful for ethical
citation practices. This lecture reviews the information presented
in Chapter 7 of Publishing Addiction Science,
covering the scientific purpose of citations and referencing,
deviations from ideal citation practices, and procedures to
be followed when compiling an informal review to introduce
a research report. Participants are then asked to review textual
material that illustrates unethical or inappropriate citation
procedures such as selective citation and citing inaccessible
sources. A copy of the exercise is included at the end
of this section.
Module 6: Authorship Credits.
(25 minutes) The purpose of this exercise is to review current
theory and practice regarding the roles and responsibilities
of authorship, and to develop practical skills that will minimize
unfair and unethical authorship practices. The didactic
lecture reviews current journal policies regarding authorship
credits, describes the nature and consequences of authorship
misconduct, discusses formal guidelines for assigning authorship
credits, reviews a model set of practical steps to assign
authorship credits, and discusses how to implement model procedures
at the institutional level. Small group discussion following
the didactic lecture is recommended to focus attention on
the difficulties often encountered in multi-authored papers.
A section of the chapter devoted to the special case of graduate
students and postdoctoral fellows may be of particular interest
as a discussion topic. Finally, discussion could focus
on how participants would implement authorship policies at
their institutions, leading to a plan for influencing procedures
at the individual's laboratory, department or research center.
Module 7: Preparing Manuscripts and Responding
to Referees' Reports. (35 minutes) This
module describes what journal editors are looking for in a
journal article (e.g., originality, sound methodology, good
writing) and what to do when the editor asks for a revision.
It covers Chapter 9 of Publishing Addiction Science.
Following the didactic lecture the course director may want
to elaborate on issues of interest to students such as how
to write a publishable paper and how to deal with referee
comments.
Module 9: Moral Reasoning in Addiction Publishing.
(45 min). This lecture reviews the "Seven Deadly
Sins in Scientific Publishing and How to Avoid Them,"
as described in Chapter 11 of Publishing
Addiction Science. The lecture describes
a problem-solving approach to moral reasoning that can be
used to evaluate moral dilemmas, based on work by White and
Popovits (2001). The set of case studies provided in
Chapter 12 can then discussed in small group sessions, each
dealing with one of the "seven deadly sins."
After discussing each case, participants are asked to apply
the moral reasoning approach using a checklist for analysis
of critical incidents that is explained in Chapter 12 of Publishing
Addiction Science.
About ISAJE
The International Society of Addiction Journal Editors (ISAJE)
is an organization of journal editors that was founded ‘to
promote excellence in the communication and dissemination
of information on addiction and related sciences within the
scientific community and to those who have responsibility
for the prevention, treatment, cure, professional training
and policy formation in the field.’ ISAJE is not
only the first society for addiction journal editors, it is
also the first international organization specifically devoted
to the improvement of scientific publishing in the addiction
field. Formally constituted in 2001 as a non-profit organization,
the establishment of ISAJE reflects a trend across the broader
fields of biomedical and scientific publishing to coordinate
efforts and develop a sense of professionalism in what had
heretofore been a disparate collection of individual editors
and independent journals. Currently the society has
members drawn from 35 addiction specialty journals.
To learn more about ISAJE, go to www.isaje.net.
The Book,
Publishing Addiction Science
Publishing Addiction Science was
written to fill a gap in the professional education of addiction
scientists. Its purpose is to advise potential authors
of articles in the addiction field of the opportunities for
publishing their work in scholarly journals, especially addiction
specialty journals. Although all prospective authors should
find such a guide useful, it was specifically designed for
students, younger investigators, clinicians and professional
researchers. A broader purpose of the book was to improve
the quality of scientific publishing in the addiction field
by educating authors about the kinds of ethical and professional
issues that ISAJE has been concerning itself with: scientific
misconduct; ethical decision-making; authorship credits and
ethical citation procedures.
The book can be downloaded for free at by going to www.isaje.net
and clicking on 'Papers and Publications'. A hard copy of
the book can be ordered from Multi-Science Publishing Company,
Ltd., 5 Wates Way, Brentwood, Essex CM15 9TB, United Kingdom.
Tel 01277 224632; +44(0)1277 224632 (international) or Fax
01277 223453; +44(0)1277 223453 (international). Email enquiries:
info@multi-science.co.uk
Price: £18/€27/$36US, plus shipping and handling
charges. Also order by going directly to http://www.multi-science.co.uk/addiction-science.htm
Publishing Addiction Science is
organized into three sections. The first section deals with
general issues of how and where to publish. In this section,
Chapter 2 deals with how to choose a journal. Chapter
3 deals with special issues of investigators in low and middle
income countries, as well as those whose first language is
not English. Chapter 4 focuses on the special needs
of new investigators and doctoral students, thereby providing
an ideal way to involve new scientists in issues that deal
with research integrity.
The second section provides a detailed guide to the practical
side of addiction publishing and publication ethics.
The initial article describes appropriate and inappropriate
citation practices with recommendations for good behavior.
The next chapter deals with the often vexing question of how
to assign authorship credits in multi-authored articles. Practical
recommendations are suggested to provide collaborating authors
with a process that is open, fair and ethical.
The third section is devoted to the more traditional ethical
issues that are typically discussed in the context of scientific
misconduct and research integrity. The first article in this
section (Chapter 11) reviews seven types of scientific misconduct
in the context of a broader definition of scientific integrity.
The seven 'sins' are carelessness in citing and reviewing
the literature; redundant publication; failure to declare
a conflict of interest; unfair authorship; failure to conform
to minimal standards of protection for animal or human subjects;
plagiarism and scientific fraud. Each of these ethical improprieties
is discussed in terms of its relative importance, possible
consequences, and procedures for avoiding them. The
following chapter discusses the same issues in the context
of a framework for ethical decision-making. Case studies are
used to illustrate the seven ethical topics, with a commentary
on each case provided to demonstrate a practical approach
to making sound decisions. The authors of these chapters
have striven to present practical advice as well as 'best
practices'. In most cases, such as resolving authorship disputes
or ethical problems, the solutions are not always simple or
obvious, but rather are often dependent on the situation and
on an open dialogue among colleagues in the research milieu.
For these cases, we offer advice on how to use effective problem
solving techniques so that skills can be acquired and applied
to a variety of situations. The final chapter deals
with the relationships research scientists have with funding
organizations, especially those connected with the private
sector such as the alcohol, tobacco, gambling and pharmaceutical
industries.
The chapters were designed to be read as part of a stand-alone
"self-help book" and were also meant for use as
background readings for an on-line tutorial and for special
workshops given by ISAJE editors at professional meetings,
research centers and university research departments.
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